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Tomb of Userhet (TT56) |
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Userhet was a 'Royal Scribe' and a 'Child of the Nursery' during the
reign of Amenhotep II of Dynasty XVIII. His title suggests that he was
brought up in the royal court as one of the companions of the royal
children and was a close friend of the king in adulthood. His most
prominent title was 'Scribe who counts breads in Upper and Lower
Egypt'. Userhet's tomb can be found in the village area of Sheikh 'Abd
el-Qurna, south of the tomb of Ramose (TT55).
The painted tomb of Userhet is well-preserved with unusual scenes of
many subjects, although its decoration was not complete. The tomb is
T-shaped with a transverse offering hall, leading to a chapel. The
passage leading into the tomb is inscribed with texts of offering
formulae to Amun-Re, Re-Horakhty and Osiris on the left and Osiris,
Anubis and Hathor on the right. The lintel depicts Userhet and his
wife before Osiris.
In the hall to the left of the entrance, Userhet can be seen in the
company of his wife Mutnefert and a daughter, offering to Osiris and
Hathor, Mistress of the West. The next five registers depict Userhet's
duties as a grain accountant and other agricultural scenes. These
include inspecting rows of cattle and 'overthrowing bulls' in order to
brand them. There are pictures of grain being reaped, measured and
transported and below, women pulling flax. |
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The eastern end wall represents a painted stela which includes a
double-scene of Osiris before offering tables and the tomb owner
praising the god on either side. A winged sun-disc hovers over the
scene and rows of offering bearers can be seen on either side.
The left-hand side of the southern wall again shows Userhet and his
wife with two daughters and a son making offerings to them. A tiny
monkey can be seen under Mutnofert's chair, beside her mirror, and
under Userhet's chair his quiver of arrows and his scribal equipment.
Banqueting scenes representing the 'Beautiful Feast of the Valley'
follow on this wall with a harpist, a girl playing an oboe and
clappers providing the musical entertainment. The upper register shows
female guests at the banquet.
The right-hand side of the southern wall shows rows of military
recruits. Barbers are giving haircuts to some of the men while others
wait apprehensively in the queue in the shade of a tree or squabble
over a shared chair. Another scene shows soldiers being given
provisions and perhaps this was part of Userhet's responsibilities.
Officers appear seated in rows before plentiful supplies of food, wine
and beer, but the troops are lined up waiting for baskets of bread. A
supervisor with a whip checks the rations as they are taken from the
storehouse. The right-hand side of this wall shows a red-headed
Userhet offering a bouquet and fruit to the king in a kiosk. Amenhotep
II is accompanied by his bodyguards. |
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The western end wall shows the traditional image of a painted false
door. The tomb owner and his wife are seated before offering tables
and their son Usi as sem-priest performs the ritual offerings and
purifications at the beginning of the 'Opening of the Mouth Ritual'.
On the right-hand side of the entrance wall there are more offering
scenes. Seated women are depicted with children in their laps and
servants behind suggesting that they may be the wet-nurses of
Userhet's children.
The doorway into the chapel is elaborately painted with a striped
cornice and the lintel over the entrance shows the deceased Userhet
before Osiris and Anubis, funerary gods, in a double-scene. There are
offering texts on either side.
The left-hand wall of the chapel is painted in two registers. Userhet
is shown hunting in his chariot, firing his arrows at a collection of
fleeing desert animals, gazelle, hares, fox and hyena, with his
military escort following behind. Below is a conventional fishing and
fowling scene where Userhet, with his family (and cats), stands poised
to throw a stick or spear fish from a papyrus boat. In the scene below
men are trapping fowl in a draw-net and offering the produce to
Userhet and his wife. Next depicted is a damaged scene of the grape
harvest, with baskets of grapes and wine jars waiting to be filled. A
scribe records the vintage. Userhet is making an offering to the
serpent-goddess Renenutet (Termuthis).
At the end of the chapel is a statue niche which once held the statues
of Userhet and Mutnefert, but little remains today.
The scenes on the right-hand wall are show in three registers and
depict the funeral procession and the ritual of 'Opening the Mouth'.
The burial goods are shown transported to the tomb accompanied by
mourning women in the traditional manner. 'The Abydos Pilgrimage' in
the bottom scene shows Userhet's sarcophagus in a boat being towed by
four others on its sacred journey. |
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| Entrance |
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| The tomb of Userhet is open from 7.00am to 5.00pm. |
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