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Kalabsha Temple |
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Kalabsha is another Nubian temple which was part
of the rescue operation for monuments threatened by the rising
waters of Lake Nasser. The temple was transported to the present
site courtesy of the German Federal Republic in a salvage
operation sponsored by UNESCO in the 1960s. Its original position
was 56km south of Aswan until it was dismantled and moved to the
island now called New Kalabsha, just south of the Aswan High Dam.
It can be seen from the Dam through a good pair of binoculars. |
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Kalabsha Temple, ancient Talmis, was built over an earlier New Kingdom
site during the Roman Period for Caesar Augustus. It was dedicated to
Isis, Osiris and Horus-Mandulis, who was the Roman aspect of the
Nubian solar god, Merwel. This is perhaps the finest example of a
freestanding temple in Nubia and is constructed from sandstone blocks.
A granite gateway which was discovered when the temple was relocated
was given to the Berlin Agyptisches Museum. The quay leads to a pylon
which is built at a slight angle to the rest of the temple. The temple
was built in the traditional Egyptian style. An open court, Ptolemaic
columns and screen walls lead to the hypostyle hall which is decorated
with scenes of rituals depicting Min, Khnum and other gods of Southern
Egypt. The sanctuary area consists of three chambers each leading into
the one behind, with a pair of columns in each room. The Holy of
Holies was in the farthest room, which was later used as a Christian
church. Augustus is depicted on the walls offering to Mandulis. There
is a passage surrounding the inner temple building similar to other
Ptolemaic temples. |
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| Nearby monuments |
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Kalabsha Temple complex is among the most important of the salvaged
monuments on Lake Nasser. It includes the main temple of Kalabsha,
Beit el-Wali, Gerf Hussein, and the Kiosk of Qertassi. To encourage
visitors to tour the island a path has been paved with slabs of Aswan
granite which connects the Kalabsha temple with the other monuments
and a visitor’s centre, cafeteria and open-air museum are also being
constructed.
The small rock-cut temple originally situated 50km south of Aswan at
Beit el-Wali, can now be seen at the north-west of the island of New
Kalabsha. It was constructed during the reign of Rameses II and
dedicated to Amun and the local gods of Nubia and Aswan, but later
known as 'the house of the holy man' because it was used as a hermit’s
dwelling. There are scenes of victory in battles showing Rameses and
his sons against the Nubian tribesmen and scenes of tribute brought to
the king depicting animals and ivory. Many beautifully preserved
painted reliefs show the King before the gods.
The blocks of Gerf Hussein, one of the monuments transported to New
Kalabsha in the 1960s, were never reconstructed and were left
neglected and overgrown until they were re-discovered on the island
during recent restoration work by Egyptian archaeologists. It was
found that the blocks were actually a dismantled rock-cut temple known
as Per-Ptah, the 'House of Ptah', founded during the reign of Rameses
II by Setau, Viceroy of Nubia. The temple of Gerf Hussein, which has
now been reconstructed, is approached through a large colonnaded court
and is dedicated to the cults of Re-Horakhte and Amun-Re. Inside the
rock-temple six pillars support the ceiling of a large hall, each with
engaged colossal statues of Rameses II. At the rear an antechamber
leads to three small chapels, with the largest central sanctuary
depicting Rameses II before the gods.
To the south of the main Kalabsha temple, the Roman kiosk from
Qertassi, was originally built 30km south of Aswan. Two Hathor columns
grace its entrance and four papyrus columns support the roof lintels
with screen walls between. The kiosk is tiny and no other decoration
has survived. It was originally known as a symbolic birthplace of the
gods.
Another rock-cut temple is known as the Chapel of Dedwen and contains
reliefs of an unidentified pharaoh offering to the Nubian god Dedwen.
This has been reconstructed by an Egyptian team from the SCA. |
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| How to get there |
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The island of New Kalabsha, at last accessible to tourists, can be
reached by taxi from Aswan, then a boat to the island's quay. A new
wooden dock has been constructed making it possible for Lake Nasser
cruise boats to visit the island as part of their itinerary. It is
hoped that New Kalabsha will soon become another of Aswan’s most
important tourist destinations. |
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