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Tihna el-Gebel |
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Tihna el-Gebel is a little-visited site on the east bank of the Nile
to the north of el-Minya. It is perhaps best known for its Old Kingdom
rock-cut tombs, the 'Fraser Tombs', but in the Graeco-Roman Period the
site was an important town named Akoris.
The Old Kingdom tombs are about 2km away to the east of the town, in
the gebel which borders the desert. They include the tomb of Nikaankh,
a 'Priest of Hathor' during the reign of Userkaf of Dynasty V. |
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The town itself was in Pharaonic times known as Dehenet, which is
attested from the Old Kingdom, at which time there was a Temple of
Hathor here. Another temple, built during the reigns of Rameses II and
Merenptah has four chambers cut into the rock and originally had a
pronaos or portico with four columns at either side of the entrance.
The temple is poorly preserved, but damaged remains of Hathor-headed
columns may still be seen in the dark interior. In front of the Temple
of Hathor there are wide plain columns still standing and nearby there
are Roman and Coptic inscriptions in ink on scattered blocks. A ramp
was added during the Roman Period by the Emperor Nero.
Two more small Roman temples have only single chambers with statue
niches at the rear. The temples are very high up in the rock above the
town site and make this a dramatic site to visit, though a potentially
dangerous one with deep shafts which seem to open up everywhere.
The town of Dehenet was enlarged during the Greek and Roman eras and
given the name of Akoris. Remains of many high mudbrick structures can
still be seen sprawling over the vast mounds which constitutes the
domestic site today. |
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The Graeco-Roman necropolis consists of tombs cut high into the rocks
above the area of the temples, around the side of the cliff to the
right. These seem to be a mixture of both Egyptian and Greek styles
and very elaborately decorated on their façades, some with
life-sized reliefs of the tomb-owners. Several corn-mummies (funerary
objects connected to Osiris) dating to the Late or Graeco-Roman Periods
have been found in burials at Tihna el-Gebel. There is also evidence
here that one of the tomb chapels was later re-used as an early
Christian hermitage, as it has a cross cut into the statue niche in the
rear of the tomb. |
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| How to get there |
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The modern village of Tihna el-Gebel is on the east bank of the Nile,
around 20km north of el-Minya. A police escort is currently required
when visiting this site. |
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